Learning Theory and Frameworks
Tool: Canva
Problem: How does M. David Merrill's 1st Principles of Instruction compare to other learning frameworks and theories? What do they have in common and how are they organized differently?
Solution: To create a color-coded comparison showing how Merrill's 1st Principles of Instruction (Problem, Activation, Demonstration, Application, and Integration) were interwoven throughout other learning frameworks, such as ADDIE, the Successive Approximation Model (Michael Allen), Action Mapping (Cathy Moore), and Robert Gagne's 9 Events.
Result: This was a personal learning exercise!
Tool: Canva
Problem: Where does M. David Merrill's 1st Principles of Instruction align with the ADDIE?
Solution: To create a color-coded comparison showing how Merrill's 1st Principles of Instruction were interwoven throughout the frameworks of ADDIE.
Result: This was a personal learning exercise!
What is the organizational problem and what is the goal to fix this problem?
What is the purpose of the instruction? What problem is to be solved?
Who are your learners? What do they already know? What do they need to know?
What do the learners need to be able to do to achieve objectives? What are the tasks that learners need to be able to do to solve this problem?
What are the constraints for the instruction (time, budget, expectations)?
How will performance be measured?
What activities and tools will be used to accomplish the objectives? (Self-paced eLearning, ILT/VLT, AR, workshop, etc.)
Write a high-level outline and instructional design document that includes:
Project context: Purpose and overall objectives
Project requirements: Cost, timelines, standards
Organizational and learner objectives: What is the desired organizational outcome? What will learners do? (ABCDs - audience, behavior, condition, and degree)
Instructional framework: What is the structure of the course? How will it engage the learner and activate prior knowledge?
Instructional strategies: Use visuals, games, activities, audio, and other elements to include instructional strategies of elaboration, interleaving, concrete examples, and dual coding
Assessment strategy: Purpose, frequency, and scoring of formative and summative assessments
Development tools: Authoring tools and other tools/applications to be used
Sign-off with stakeholders and subject matter experts (SMEs)
Draft several storyboard/script drafts and sign off with stakeholders/SMEs
Work with artists, developers, and other team members to develop course to standards
Establish checkpoints for feedback from team members, SMEs, and stakeholders
Develop and design the course using the approved authoring tool
Make iterations and design/development improvements
Sign off with stakeholders/SMEs
Implement the instructional course with a sampling of learners from various roles and backgrounds
Make iterations and design improvements
Continue to gain feedback and approvals
Sign off with stakeholders/SMEs
Were the objectives met?
Were the learners able to do the tasks and subtasks?
What were the results of the assessments? What other data was collected?
How do you know if the learners are applying the knowledge or changing a behavior?
What feedback was received from the learners, SMEs, and stakeholders?
What could be done differently to improve the deliverable or product?